The wars in Ukraine, Sudan, and Gaza are the latest examples of the breakdown of humanitarian law, and the latest in a long series of wars in the years since 9/11 that have eroded protections for civilians. In her Academy project, “War Unbound,” Hathaway examines how a shift in the nature of war–from fewer wars between states (which were outlawed) to more frequent wars within states and between states and non-state actors (which were not)–has influenced the law that regulates the conduct of war.