Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, China’s predatory mercantilism, and a second Trump presidential term have forced a reconsideration about what might be necessary to protect Europe in decades to come. As the European Council noted in its latest strategic plan, “The global political landscape is being reshaped by strategic competition, growing global instability, and attempts to undermine the rules-based international order.” The Continent has already begun responding to this new reality, yet restoring Europe’s military capacity, economic competitiveness, and strategic autonomy will be difficult. In this talk, Gideon Rose, the former longtime editor of Foreign Affairs, surveys impending challenges to European security and explores how they can be addressed.