Robert Paxton is a Columbia University history professor whose research changed the historical understanding of France’s Vichy Regime. He won the American Historical Association Award for Scholarly Distinction. His 1972 book, Vichy France: Old Guard and New Order, 1940-1944, has had a profound effect on French national consciousness, revealing the inner workings of the Vichy regime and its collaboration with Nazi leadership. Paxton’s other books include Parades and Politics at Vichy; Europe in the Twentieth Century; Vichy France and the Jews, with Michael R. Marrus, which was translated into French and Hebrew and won the National Jewish Book Award; De Gaulle and the United States, edited with Nicholas Wahl; and Le Temps des chemises vertes.