Stephen Breyer, born in San Francisco in 1938, is a graduate of Stanford and Oxford universities, and Harvard Law School. He taught law for many years as a professor at Harvard Law School and at the Kennedy School of Government. He has also worked as a Supreme Court law clerk (for Justice Arthur Goldberg), a Justice Department attorney (antitrust division), an assistant Watergate special prosecutor, and chief counsel of the Senate Judiciary Committee. In 1980 he was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit by President Carter, becoming chief judge in 1990. In 1994 he was appointed a Supreme Court Justice by President Clinton. He has written books and articles about administrative law, economic regulation, and most recently, Active Liberty: Interpreting Our Democratic Institution (Vintage, 2006), a book about the Constitution. His wife, Joanna, is a clinical psychologist. They have three children and three grandchildren.